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Anthroposophic Pharmacy is the discipline related to conceiving, developing and producing medicinal products according to the anthroposophic understanding of man, nature, substance and pharmaceutical processing.〔http://www.iaap.org.uk/downloads/Anthroposophic-medicinal-products-characteristics-and-pharmacological-rationale.pdf, Accessed 2013-04-29.〕 One of the most characteristic features of anthroposophic medicine is the attempt to describe health and natural medicine in scientific as well as in spiritual terms. Anthroposophic pharmacy utilises vegetable, mineral and animal materials, manufactured according to particular principles and is sometimes potentised.〔Kienle GS, Kiene H, Albonico HU. Anthroposophic Medicine (HTA report). Schattauer; 2006. Chapter 3.〕 Anthroposophic medicines should be considered as complementary to conventional medicines and are often used in combination with them.〔Rankin-Box D, Williamson EM. Complementary Medicine. A Guide for Pharmacists. Churchill Livingstone; 2006.〕 In 2005, a health technology assessment (HTA) produced the first systematic review of the efficacy, utility, costs and safety of anthroposophic medicine as part of the Swiss Government's evaluation of complementary medicine (PEK). The report concluded that there are many studies that show positive outcomes for anthroposophic medicine, although the methodological quality of the studies is very variable. In terms of safety almost all studies emphasise the good tolerability of anthroposophic medicinal therapies.〔Kienle GS, Kiene H, Albonico HU. Anthroposophic Medicine (HTA report). Schattauer; 2006. Chapter 11.〕 The conclusion of the PEK process was that there was insufficient evidence to support reimbursement of any of the five therapies investigated, including both anthroposophic medicine and homeopathy.〔(The report “Homeopathy in healthcare: effectiveness, appropriateness, safety, costs” is not a “Swiss report” ), Swiss Medical Weekly, 2012;142:w13594〕 ==Origin and development== The manufacture and use of anthroposophic medicines dates back to Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925), who together with Dr Ita Wegman (1876-1943) invented anthroposophic medicine at the beginning of the 20th century. Steiner & Wegman's ideas were extended by the chemist Dr Oskar Schmiedel (1887-1959), who manufactured anthroposophic medicines from 1920 onwards and introduced the newly conceived formulations and manufacturing processes into pharmaceutical practice. A second important pioneer of anthroposophic pharmacy was Dr Rudolf Hauschka (1891-1969). Anthroposophic medicine is now practised in over 60 countries, and for example in Germany is recognised as a special therapy system in the Medicinal Product Act (Arzneimittelgesetz)〔Medicinal Products Act (The Drug Law). Section 4, Paragraph 33: Definitions of additional terms. Available from: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_amg/englisch_amg.html#p0040, German: Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Arzneimitteln. Paragraph 4, Absatz 33: Sonstige Begriffsbestimmungen. Available from: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amg_1976/__4.html〕 and in the Code of Social Law (Sozialgesetzbuch) V〔Code of Social Law, 5th book (V) / German: Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) Fünftes Buch (V). Available from: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/sgb_5/__34.html〕 (Paragraph 34, section 3). There are approximately 15,000 doctors in 22 European countries who prescribe anthroposophic medicinal products, e.g. in Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy.〔Facts and Figures on Anthroposophic Medicines Worldwide. IVAA (International Federation of Anthroposophic Medical Associations); July 2012. Available from: http://www.ivaa.info/fileadmin/editor/file/Facts_and_Figures_AM_WorldwideJuly2012_Final_Public_Light.pdf〕 It is estimated, that in Germany some 6 million patients use anthroposophic medicine.〔Background. ECHAMP (European Coalition on Homeopathic and Anthroposophic Medicinal Products). Available from: http://www.echamp.eu/background/anthroposophic-medicine.html〕 According to the German Pharmaceutical Industry Association (BPI) for example anthroposophicals reached a turnover in 2011 of 52.8 million Euro (Data March 2013).〔Pharma-Data 2012 (Page 61). German Pharmaceutical Industry Association (BPI). Available from: http://www.bpi.de/fileadmin/media/bpi/Downloads/Internet/Publikationen/Pharma-Daten/Pharmadaten_2012_EN.pdf〕 There are about 1,700 different anthroposophic medicinal products on the market in the European Union.〔Anthroposophic Pharmacy (page 21) in The System of Anthroposophic Medicine. IVAA (International Federation of Anthroposophic Medical Associations); 2011. Available from: http://www.ivaa.info/fileadmin/editor/file/System_AnthroposophicMedicine2011_online.pdf〕 Within the EU there are differing rules as to whether or not an anthroposophic medicine must be prescribed by a doctor. In Germany for example, most preparations are not prescription-only, and since 2004 must be paid for by the patient himself. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anthroposophic pharmacy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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